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            小升初英語語法常識

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            發(fā)表于 2019-12-7 02:43:27 | 只看該作者 |倒序瀏覽 |閱讀模式
            一、

            , c- ?$ \9 {# {1 G7 M- O2 h3 D
            表現(xiàn)某一事物,有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不成數(shù)名詞。# A. Q$ X& @( |5 }/ b9 }9 H- y1 p
            夸大:不成數(shù)名詞都默以為單數(shù),所以老是用is或者was;最好不要依據(jù)some、anya lot of等詞往作判

            4 I8 z& `: o$ W& n! u$ q5 j' R) n  L
            斷,以免受誤導。

            8 Z6 Y+ p* D  X  Q# Y
            1、可數(shù)名詞若何變復數(shù)情勢
            6 \% z, Q4 ]2 d6 Q  t) m, ya.一般情形下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;讀音3庠皰子音后讀<strike>,濁子音和

            7 R1 S8 U/ h- D6 b# V
            元音后讀[z]
            * a+ e+ d) d4 J, X% |b.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;讀音:[iz]6 F/ M& Y" k' P+ m+ Z% F" [
            c.以子音字母+y”結尾,變yi, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;讀音:[z]
            ( }2 K9 K! h1 y2 y) }5 H" I7 b$ Gd.以“ffe”結尾,變ffev, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;讀音:[z]。  e7 \9 a$ j" v3 _
            e.以“o”結尾的詞,分兩種情形

            7 O- G' I; x3 E# A4 ]
            1)有性命的+es  讀音:[z]  如:mango-mangoes  tomato-tomatoes  hero-heroes

            ( Y5 g, }, f# {
            2) 無性命的+s   讀音:[z]  如:photo-photos     radio-radios

            8 C* Q& H  X6 r  W
            f. 不規(guī)矩名詞復數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,  
            5 l7 E7 H" F  o
            snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,

            + F5 F8 P6 K; Q
            people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
            4 F) {: z. w# }3 t+ M  2、不成數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)。假如要盤算不成數(shù)名詞所表達的數(shù)目,就得在數(shù)詞和不成數(shù)名詞之間加上

            . N2 k" s; y. N9 b. B* o8 x2 B
            +of”。例如:a glass of water, a piece of ***, a bottle of juice2 W% r; C* o4 ?6 ?- t" p
            判定步調(diào):* B! A; Z" }6 u  ^% D
                                                              ↗如是amiswas→本相3 h1 J& a( Y. s$ D
            讀句子讀該單詞熟悉該單詞懂得意思be動詞; |/ p' W+ v) e  E' y2 Z
                                                              ↘如是arewere→ses
            - a8 K7 Z. G' l  ^; ^9 e2 H練一練:
            ! Z' O' R! G9 @$ u) P0 h& Z3 A5 W1、寫出下列各詞的復數(shù)。
            . E# O8 m7 ~5 ~I _________  him _________  this _______   her ______     watch _______   mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______   day________  foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
            9 E, B! Q( Y2 G0 ?" F
            sheep ______   box_______  strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______

            # |: U+ `$ l8 z
            sandwich ______   man______   woman_______  leaf_______   people________/ p$ b. d9 Z, v
            2、用所給名詞的┞俘確情勢填空。- X* Q6 s7 o# ?
            1Are there two                ( box ) on the table?0 w$ v; H" c- g
            2I can see some                 ( people ) in the cinema.: B6 H# [# V% {6 A2 y+ M
            3How many                 ( day ) are there in a week?8 L+ x! s" ~& x: F
            4Here’re five                ( bottle ) of                  ( juice ) for you.4 w$ N% q% q+ A, g8 c4 y( d( z
            5This                ( violin ) is hers. Those                ( grape ) are over there.+ Y8 P: R4 G! t$ l% j; D4 c4 \! x

            3 u6 p0 j: v2 _
            ) k) }  y. _1 v3 `; I2 I
            二、冠  
            6 \6 j; r1 b; F
            冠詞是一種虛詞,不克不及自力應用,凡是放在名詞的前面,分為不定冠詞定冠詞兩種。* _0 Q1 F9 b2 _) O0 {
            1、不定冠詞:a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前,表現(xiàn)一個,一件……”。an用在以元音音素開首的單詞前。如:
            , ]& n* h! w% n. J/ N: x  @
            an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…2 |5 p, U: t, j
            2、定冠詞:the。用在單數(shù)或者復數(shù)名詞前。the沒有具體意思,有時翻譯為這、那。它的基礎用法:
            7 T  I# g$ P7 {/ E6 I' E$ x  1)用來表現(xiàn)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.4 l! `6 g- |$ n/ E7 h
              2)表現(xiàn)措辭者兩邊都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please.9 y6 m# t$ ]9 R' |4 G- b
              3)表現(xiàn)再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful./ O" Q/ f, \* Q* h! i; C5 |
              4)用在表現(xiàn)世界上并世無雙的事物前。如:the sun太陽  the moon月亮  the earth地球
            / E7 J( s/ i% {( |  5)用在由通俗名詞組成的專著名詞前。如:the Great Wall長城
            + K" t* c6 F$ D  6)用在江河、湖海等專著名詞前。如:the Changjiang River長江/ M" n- g0 k6 i/ X# Z. {
              7)此外,序數(shù)詞、形容詞第一流、樂器名稱檔故前面和一些習習用語中一般都用定冠詞the。如:
            0 S2 O- B! T; Z- Y7 j: p7 I
            the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
            , s3 N3 Q+ A+ H7 h* I1 i& ?斷定用a、an仍是the時可依據(jù)漢語意思。
            * R$ d4 [) F, [5 P, \0 [& {1 c/ M練一練:6 C/ n, |/ R% {4 H5 N0 i8 v
            1、用aan填空。+ V% ^; f$ p# d5 `2 M5 s9 [
                    ____ “U”         ____ ice-cream            ____  goalkeeper           ____ teapot            ____apple; s; v  p$ G0 X1 o
                   ____office     ____English book        ____umbrella        ____unit               ____hour            
            " I4 v' [( s# x5 g2、依據(jù)須要,填寫冠詞aanthe。$ @/ j$ ?. Q+ [* L) j! w' e
            1Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
            1 x+ z, x- q# n' ^8 W, \. q1 M2 ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.
            3 p5 c; E6 y. ]' A# j# j3This is  ____ orange.   ____ orange is Lucy’s.
            8 a! Q. z1 W$ T& `& A& m4He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.% c( _' ?. H" a
            5We all had____good time last Sunday.
            & t8 q# v( e& [/ x4 o% S6She wants to be____doctor.

            ' N5 c* X; a/ ^6 i9 a
              z$ f( f3 P# M* D9 x$ k, g
            & X$ e0 U0 ]# `  y+ @
            三, 數(shù)
            5 P3 Q5 X3 l- L4 a# V. l- U4 [6 F2 M
            我們學過兩類:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?;鶖?shù)用于表現(xiàn)數(shù)目幾多,而基數(shù)詞用于表現(xiàn)順序,常在日期中呈現(xiàn)。差別:基數(shù)詞前面沒有“the”;序數(shù)詞前必定要有“the”2 L, Z* p0 x) U* D7 z. O
            1、跨越二十以上的兩位數(shù)須要在個位和十位之間加上“-”。如:21  twenty-one
            . _- t0 ]2 _9 D/ S) F) l4 `) t0 d- t2、三位數(shù)以上的則須要在百位數(shù)后再加上and。如:101  a/one hundred and one# k0 b7 B( f( o1 U1 N
            3、用基數(shù)詞來潤飾可數(shù)名詞時,必定別忘了它的復數(shù)情勢。如:十八個男孩  eighteen boys1 d% ^9 G+ s' i0 p
            4、用基數(shù)詞潤飾不成數(shù)名詞時,如是復數(shù),變它的量詞為復數(shù)。
            ) i/ Y. g$ D6 Q2 C
            如:兩碗米飯  two bowls of rice# K% M3 g; p3 Y  l9 C/ Z0 m9 Z
            5、序數(shù)詞一般加“th”,特別的有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二
            0 [6 X$ V+ y1 G6 h: N) h( ^6 M% [
            十以外的┞符十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第幾十幾3庠鳶面整十不變,后面改為序

            ! f5 L! V3 u6 A1 r
            數(shù)詞。如:88  eighty-eighth
            9 f; r8 e. o% k% ^練一練:# C2 {5 G& ~, I8 L
            1、請翻譯下列短語。
            & \3 Q: X, R$ c* G1 L+ ^0 N& A160論理學生                              215本英語書                              
            2 }- {. h# J6 T- W2 j3)九杯涼水                               44個孩子                                
            + ^" U) [/ C% P1 D) s" b51231                                 662                                 
            $ t8 T( s* g3 V- F/ a5 A7)第九周                                  840年前                                  4 Z0 g7 c: j0 e. w5 L1 f
            911+7                                     10)上學第一天                            # U1 C4 ?& Q3 w* _) @
            2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。) m4 _$ [8 g- q; Z
            one---                      two---                       three---                      nine---                 
            % R- `. @% n6 c: ]* r# Nfourteen---                     twenty---                      thirty-five---                     eighty-one
            * j' J! o- D5 G+ b2 ]

            ' [$ v8 K4 S" h/ q7 a' {
              X+ c( ^. y  E' s
              m$ @& O; W; T7 Y, O
            四、代  

              l( P$ ]% m% v
            代詞有兩種:人稱代詞和物主代詞。
            ; r, ]( |$ R( [7 D" O! H1、人稱代詞分為:第一、第二、第三人稱,且有單復數(shù)之分。
            8 j  Y- M( [/ ^2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語,一般用在動詞前(疑問句除外);賓格在句中做賓語,多  

            3 k6 _9 m* s/ F- S
            用于動詞、介詞后。0 _0 @: |. f; g
            3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的感化,后面必定要跟名詞,表現(xiàn)該名詞是屬于誰的。
            , m$ H, T. C! u, t: k$ G4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如:# E- R' b5 A, [$ `1 b
               This is my bag. = This is mine.  That is her ruler. = That is hers.
            ' p$ z) v4 l) \  O. Q5 A一般看后面有沒著名詞,若有,就用形容詞性物主代詞;如無,就用名詞性物主代詞。- {* [. Z  B! \7 f/ U7 R; m
                請服膺下表:
            0 J, {" j4 d$ k) f8 X1 {. S

            5 N1 y& j$ k( H8 ^7 m5 y# a" _
             
            8 R# H& S( h1 L% w4 @' G+ X$ ^2 \

            9 N8 w" x6 O" t8 M! l- a
            單數(shù)

            ; Q3 z9 O5 e; d- B
            ( L: c0 E2 m8 j% N
             
            6 j, g* g& S  w* ~8 N. i% u2 B
            . ^, g: Y" F" o8 n1 L
            復數(shù)
            . ]! Y2 [+ m3 U+ E! U- M$ g* r: C0 [

            ! _8 u! h/ W5 d% G- C  g
            人稱  代詞

            . P0 p( `9 D5 `% c
            3 B' O0 F/ l8 A7 E7 R# Z2 v, [: Z
            主格
            ! b3 M6 }& v  z6 `5 d4 z6 P

            , s5 [7 v1 _; X0 o
            I

            * t) H3 x1 L3 i2 Q$ `$ t/ [
            , m8 u8 o% Y+ h" G$ b
            you
            ( M( p2 L2 r2 o
            # c* b, u( g5 i: N2 m
            he
            % ^# P8 I% X9 g" ^2 u
            5 W: c5 r& t6 X
            she
            , I9 e; Q& F0 A1 j6 a

            ) o( n7 k. g3 h: U
            it
            7 f3 r/ u2 O6 Z# B
            0 E, ?' j9 m0 h4 r4 p# ]
             

            ; O* D# A7 w- l4 y
            3 k0 z9 @# _- b0 U% \: ]) ?0 s
            we

            + f) I: m% K* r, P, P6 K' I; y$ ?

            ' i  Q, `9 S) r) G
            you
            9 h. I& a# o8 J4 t

            / n0 _" B/ g1 U2 I
            they
            ( q6 t6 w5 Q6 |
            & z( `- K4 U$ M7 v! O
            賓格
            : w. e2 l9 U9 [2 q

            + {+ W8 d0 a7 a6 u  l
            me
            9 z9 X, a* l9 b' m/ L. }3 q7 [
              J. {6 s8 p9 W$ J/ Y
            you
            9 l, @$ ~6 @% c5 l, b1 f( _
            , U7 V6 I% i7 E& @
            him

            ; }8 j* ]. N$ F7 v' n

            ; T$ n+ h/ G; A. h5 |9 Y
            her
            5 u' \( d* B9 e$ P, R
            6 }3 m) [6 q4 F5 c; F
            it
            * e. C+ Z+ _3 ?" r
            ' y( H0 m' H8 l/ A: j5 N, u
            us

            ! ?: R8 d: l8 e  Z1 w& g/ Q; u# U) T
            5 A" k6 z" z7 ^; K9 S, T
            you
            7 _: b! X% e+ I0 `' `

            6 p6 V; ~! [. ]# w4 l( j0 O3 Q7 l
            them

            / t! d! C: ?6 Q) k9 f
            0 V1 N/ D7 Z( U  _9 E$ M1 Y
            物主  代詞
            % L' Y% X& [5 N) R9 J& A

            5 ~7 g# X0 Z. Q
            形容詞性

            7 [8 J# ~1 R: ^* }) d7 J+ P

            3 G3 L$ S3 k9 H8 C$ I
            my

            # Y) i7 d7 B. \8 W+ ?

            3 K  `+ y" s- ^& r. {3 L2 l5 W
            your

            1 y+ a  E9 W- g

            / E' R2 J( @6 Q  F
            his

            ; e  l. G- @0 L# o9 v  S$ `

            1 }; m) o% e) {6 D3 [5 J+ D+ Z& X
            her

            / u' q4 i$ c  a  L+ b

            3 w  V& r7 I% p; a) W, D
            its

            " ]0 R- }( T; w

            5 C8 I' @0 x' i$ I0 `4 B& k+ L
            our
            6 ~# }6 {' T1 B- ?7 z

            7 {! t9 @5 c5 u% B3 U: s9 m6 C6 L
            your
            : S8 o2 d, b, |' p! ~" t$ x, k8 b
            / }  B( f1 }; A2 o* X. p6 `
            their
            9 _# ?# b9 O: b/ R
            & q, a% p4 B2 a0 z  i. R
            名詞性
            1 K8 G+ a. U- S2 ~1 n! m2 H& G" J
            % A; B" F3 E0 `" a9 P. Y/ {
            mine
            4 b, G5 w+ l8 R: }0 a& W$ N

            , }" M0 c3 O+ u* ]9 p, V8 ^
            yours

              s6 \" a- F& r2 A  |$ J

            3 C) i) `+ i, _! |: k8 C
            his
            1 I6 R5 d. N( `; g' q" \

            2 x9 z% D- i& w7 C, x- W
            hers

            1 ]+ F' r: R  L  R- X% R

            $ w: T4 ]& B4 z
            its

            5 n3 b; @: w2 J6 q- N$ ?; z

            ) ]/ H& F% H* ~2 A" j6 H% l4 U. f
            ours
              `( i  F2 {/ O* [

            6 O: [' k5 ?) g( f5 q3 I, L1 Z" `5 C# E4 p
            yours
            ' U; c1 E/ }8 {7 c

            " T% ?1 w$ }# p' f" d3 j  i! H5 `
            theirs

            , u1 ^' [: B: n9 ]0 l; i

            6 D; ^) Z0 f/ e7 z

            ( P! \' I) Q8 t% F, d  G% p
            0 ~2 `" W( w; p
            練一練:
            ( h) v, n/ }6 a, `3 l1、按請求寫出響應人稱代詞。9 R* n% v3 r: {/ a. h
            I(賓格)_______              she(形容詞性物主代詞)_______             we(名詞性物主代詞)_______ ( t& F  \' A! m  j5 ^
            he(復數(shù))_______            us(單數(shù))_______            theirs(主格)_______ its(賓格)_______
            ; H1 {$ B3 p' E3 m7 b2 s$ e
            2、想一想,把下表彌補完全。
            0 s4 R4 `4 O, h  b2 b

            ' T  u$ R0 ^% F6 E9 Z

            - v6 u7 C+ ?/ G6 [
            人稱代詞
            . Q) i  N) v. v8 s4 Y
            " p3 Z  M. u8 ]. C5 j
            物主代詞
            + D/ X7 I, ^2 j
            ; M. f6 W0 z2 o5 B/ x2 o6 n* y
            單數(shù)
            " P! B' @. c( R& z: x% l

            # Y4 y" {6 W* s: ]
            復數(shù)

            * ^, R3 W, n4 K7 `7 N6 A5 H! V  u
            ; G& c- p) k  u+ u
            單數(shù)

            0 u$ L+ r9 Y* H8 V# j. g4 S

            , Q7 ]6 e" L% z% G2 z
            復數(shù)

            ' a* A# q$ Y6 l. H- C7 K
            ) ^. s2 p* `8 V/ D! c$ D
            主格

            # N1 \2 ^8 |% {5 P/ _" r+ E0 x

            + u, u) r4 U0 h% A6 _0 L
            賓格

            ; m  P9 o6 I# i8 B/ [: a  _( ]

            1 O1 s5 n6 |$ o2 E! U
            主格

            8 @2 w% p. D) t2 ]7 x% \

            1 A  L! @* a! l7 N- B' r
            賓格
            - p5 o# T+ [, w- n" ?8 i

            7 }( O5 n/ f# }& s- k5 \  g) _
            形容詞性

              p5 L( ~2 u: S
            , r2 s9 V8 J% z& [6 i
            名詞性
            & k; R, n. k5 ]/ ^
            - a. q, m/ D1 g
            形容詞性
            - T* |3 ?0 ~7 L8 j$ A1 Y
            : {7 E  b' [* ^# c5 t! E' M
            名詞性

            $ R4 b" U. L+ k; {

            ! v8 d2 h8 o- b! r0 J
            第一人稱
            / S4 p1 R' ^* l
            : L3 r; `4 S' A7 i8 C
            6 M: X, m! O" p/ S
            0 j4 q7 j3 w1 |# {/ p% R+ r
            me
            0 p  i+ g7 {, q# V2 `% |" `' {% [

            - _' i) Q9 p$ w; W
            ' U% O2 m. l% }) A- m/ Y

            & o& S+ v, b# D4 I/ W/ x
            us
            6 V$ P0 o" o& ~1 x& Z4 v- w
            ; C3 C- r: {7 q0 |+ x2 l# O
            5 q! v( N! W, a* q2 |4 u

            ' y3 W& E, g( a/ L2 O
            + }- R, u  v% J% e+ J
            $ i" x( \7 I: Z7 ^* |
            our

            + v0 C; B) S6 p2 H: A
            ( t# t$ d8 b( N8 J9 b" j# b

              s/ h2 T8 E& f9 s" B8 {: K

            + M) u  l* u, e# w5 Y) H
            第二人稱

            / _3 x! C% P3 E+ _! I
              P; b* K, E# g+ ~- x6 K5 s/ |8 `
            you

            : B& q* p% f) c! ]2 t9 T9 s0 A

            / a5 h8 y" a: P; B( C

            + O9 n8 n; h4 F" h( F) c
            2 ]. H7 ?2 j* e5 v+ |4 t$ M
            you

            " t8 Q7 i& V7 B5 \

            6 Z; ~& V  H8 l9 V8 B0 H
              s% K& i5 ?3 u. E7 I7 c
            ; d  B! a7 _3 m& t

            8 d$ R, a* F1 q6 X

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            3 o# `" B5 J" U' H: F. s: ]

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            4 Z: v0 Y) ~  D9 n, {$ e7 q

            + ^- j& k& G0 R: ?( n7 x3 }

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            9 L1 v! d" g* _
            第三人稱
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            he
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            4 u: {9 l% J- t9 `  T9 G* l: P

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            1 Y2 [1 U3 A3 Q9 k: f& R

            + U0 ^' `0 P! n& c
            them

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            5 d5 `3 q9 C( |" s1 Q
            his

            / r- k4 q$ ]$ D9 ^1 ]+ D

            ! F! l+ n2 S( T* ~9 t# n

            0 b$ z7 z+ ~4 R9 ?
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            their

            + O8 q2 }) }# @
            * r. [; i# J6 J- w9 s

              {: w7 m0 Y! c2 Y: O

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            ' F2 k4 z; ~4 j# \) s' {6 c

            6 B$ K8 P3 H6 ]! A  G
            her

            ; y" r% j: B* J

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            " u# z. d4 Y! i% u: z  b+ M
            . S+ r3 @) L" D6 D

            , E2 u  Y* P" b; i( W% v* f8 `

            ' f9 z4 r! R, R) C* P* v. t" D
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            it
            7 h! ~! c: G; }. ]" R4 a3 _. O' M
            3 h0 K8 `* `6 r! y6 W6 Y

            " }7 x3 V/ ?5 X# s3 G6 o' ]
            ) {. Q; C& a" V- y( E, v
            its
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            . S% z5 I. Z- B

            - g2 e# a3 n( u/ C  }- l
            / B- p' P$ ?* C) I9 L: G6 U7 b- h
            3、用所給詞的恰當情勢填空。
            ) O, @. k; X& Q2 e1That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ). M8 J5 j$ z, T6 j/ j# T
            2The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) ( P2 V8 _/ t! I+ |( Y' {
            3Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) $ n, p7 v) C: w/ ~- b0 B' Q
            4_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 1 [6 ]8 S& D4 y& z
            5_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you ) ( E- W$ Q% ~( l) g2 Q9 y. ]
            6Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they ) 8 l2 s! e. ~5 u1 ^
            7I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) , G' @7 f; d. g2 F! ?
            8Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 7 L7 k2 h2 ~9 O0 O( A# k8 ?4 `
            9Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )
            " l- I8 e5 J! c$ |7 k& O10_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she ) , N! t- \" @* _( p% E
            11Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 4 X* V- k" r- K
            12Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it )4 \# @4 Y; }- G# A, c6 ~
            13_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she ) / b+ O9 Z7 P% a
            14The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )

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            & _# b4 p) a* b; i7 y
            五、形容詞、副詞

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            ' I3 ?0 e6 O% ^5 K  G4 }
            1、形容詞表現(xiàn)某一事物某人的特點,副詞表現(xiàn)某一動作的特點。形容詞和副詞有三種情勢:本相、比擬
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            級、第一流。比擬級:+er  第一流:the …+est
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            兩個主要特點:as……as中心必定用本相,than的前面必定要+er3 o% y) i; Y7 J7 r& b! T' J
            2、形容詞、副詞比擬級的規(guī)矩變更如下:
            , b2 K6 M: z+ g+ a, g1)一般直接+er。如:tall - taller, fast - faster   單音節(jié)詞假如以-e結尾,只加-r。如:late - later
            & x; J$ m: b7 Z7 y2)重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個子音字母,須雙寫這個字母,再加-er。如:big - bigger, fat - fatter3 o" E" |% Q5 C! V0 ~& L( C' R
            3)以子音字母加-y結尾的詞,變yi,再加-er。如:heavy - heavier, early - earlier
              o; x4 |" h! k4)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比擬級應在原級前加more組成。如:beautiful - more beautiful,
            5 c0 }2 n2 z. H  N# r' l' g! D1 p2 I     careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting
            ; Y# T3 g; e  }6 d& ^3 `- o! n5)有些不規(guī)矩變更的,須一一加以記憶。如:good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…
            ) O' U  ]+ C/ G' S

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            練一練:% l, v8 W  l  W$ L
            1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比擬級。8 ]+ q! t( y% h; ?' e5 I9 B
            big                    good                   long                    tall                     old               8 p& p9 v  e0 h2 K8 z
            short                  thin                    heavy                   young                  fat              
            - T9 V  D/ q: q$ t9 \light                  strong                   high                    far                     low              2 U0 e! v. X0 I4 ]9 c3 |4 A# I
            early                  late                     well                    fast                    slow   

            $ D, R: o# j+ o" k1 T0 Q4 ^% F# D

            2 ~+ F! t, i7 u: V/ I! D
            2、用括號內(nèi)亂所給單詞的恰當情勢填空。5 r( ?: s0 u. @$ G' E* |
            1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.4 |, [! X  L1 S/ U4 S- l
            2) Look! His hands are _______  ( big ) than mine.
            . f* b( \, m2 l5 Y; v. X4 [3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.
            ( X# e: T- R6 y9 C6 I" h4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?6 ?* B' C6 l. _1 u5 H$ [! E5 R% K6 {0 F
            5) Does Jim run as _______slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.& Z& ^# T( s4 R% y) V+ M
            6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten., O8 |; k' R& k1 }! f
            7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.7 Y) y2 D! R$ Z* @( H
            8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.
            ; C' h4 j1 j( M! R- R1 U9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here.

            ( @" N5 w5 J$ Q' j7 U+ C

            - I  h0 R6 D" N: }& Y+ @

            1 }# v: e  C! P" o# {7 o

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            & @2 g5 ?: |4 @8 c. f* z

            0 S1 i# _1 z& u4 _" C* r% X+ R- |' v5 U; J

            6 R% |; R1 ^+ D6 Z0 u

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            8 N; y9 `$ A. g8 d9 A
            六、介  

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            1、一種虛詞。不克不及零丁作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的賓語一路組成介詞短語,才干在句子中起感化。
            4 F' T8 c0 C# k: c/ }; t, Y
            有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of,

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            from…to…, at the back of…
            # I+ e  i8 K$ f6 r( v+ {3 c: {2、表現(xiàn)時光的介詞有:at, on, in。(1at表現(xiàn)在某一個具體的時光點上,或用在固定詞組中。如:at ten  
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            o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…2on表現(xiàn)在某日或某日的時光段。如:on Friday, on the
            2 e( I5 _6 J  G! N, A
            first of October, on Monday morning…3in表現(xiàn)在某一段時光(月份、季候)里。如:in the afternoon,

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            in September, in summer, in 2005…& D' w. G. R. G# H
            3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿戴藍色的衣服),in English(用英語表達),take part in(參
            2 s) M, L* j1 i' I0 p( V' k
            加)。
            , g( [* A; r- l( Z* f' u4 p
            3 m, b& s, b% ^3 {. `/ `' y

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            練一練:
            . E, I# R5 l9 k# B) d$ c2 n1、選用括號內(nèi)亂適當?shù)慕樵~填空。
            3 `& w- ~6 D/ g: }4 Y# d1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?
            3 \2 P$ [0 f* j2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.
            . l% [/ H' H, A( [* ^6 g9 ^3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.2 `' @6 [" d$ }. O8 q
            4) He doesn’t do well  _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.* a9 H# `# P4 X1 f# q
            5) Look at those birds  _______ ( on, in ) the tree.
            9 r3 H4 y) Y+ V2 e6) We are going to meet  _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop  _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.
            0 ]8 E% G( e+ X7 g! g7) Is there a cat    _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?0 z* i3 e8 r$ ?
            8) Helen’s writing *** is  _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.' ?" S  a- N9 r& Y+ {
            9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.
            8 T1 U2 t5 I* [* U  L10) Does it often rain   _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?
            . p4 A; x) O3 T( {5 c2、圈出下列句子中應用不適當?shù)慕樵~,并將準確的謎底寫在橫線上。9 X& v" g8 O4 g) C  ~9 O- V
            1) Jim is good in English and Maths.               2) The films were in the ground just now.         
            % ^/ Z! u/ t# D( s+ Z2 H- e7 i2 A3) They are talking to their plans.                4) How many students have their birthdays on May?           / b5 `( q9 {- Z: k) Z$ C/ C
            5) Women’s Day is at the third of March.           6) I can jog to school on the morning.           4 D2 }; P5 S2 N
            7) Did you water trees at the farm?                8) Can you come and help me on my English?           
            4 G7 I5 A9 y' h# }9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.       10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?           
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